http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/1079 2026-05-13T18:13:34Z 2026-05-13T18:13:34Z Samanta, Sarbari Chakraborty, Dipankar Jana, Dipak Kumar http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/10935 2026-04-09T04:45:50Z 2025-06-09T00:00:00Z

Title: Bipolar neutrosophic multi-item four-dimensional transportation problem with variable routes for breakable items Authors: Samanta, Sarbari; Chakraborty, Dipankar; Jana, Dipak Kumar Abstract: Generally, in case of transportation problem, mathematical frameworks predominantly focus on positive beliefs to manage uncertain and vague information, often overlooking the negative perspectives in decision-making. To address this gap, we introduce a four-dimensional transportation problem (4D-TP) model within a bipolar neutrosophic environment, which incorporates both positive and negative aspects of human cognition. The proposed model is formulated as a multi-item 4D-TP with breakability, aimed at maximizing profit by considering key parameters such as costs, accessibility, demands, and transportation capacities, all represented using single-valued triangular bipolar neutrosophic numbers. Unlike traditional approaches that assume uniformity in the number of routes for each origin-destination pair, our model accommodates varying numbers of routes, reflecting more realistic transportation scenarios. Furthermore, this is the first attempt to solve the 4D-TP using possibility measure associated with single-valued triangular bipolar neutrosophic number, which includes truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership functions to capture both positive and negative dimensions. To validate the model, we provide a numerical example and solve it using the Generalized Reduced Gradient method, implemented in the LINGO-14.0 solver. Some managerial implications are also included at the end.

2025-06-09T00:00:00Z Chakraborty, Dipankar Samanta, Sarbari Jana, Dipak Kumar http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/10934 2026-04-09T04:45:34Z 2025-05-02T00:00:00Z

Title: Neutrosophic multi-choice 4D-transportation problem for different quality items Authors: Chakraborty, Dipankar; Samanta, Sarbari; Jana, Dipak Kumar Abstract: This study presents a transportation problem, where the transportation costs may vary with multiple options. It also explores four-dimensional transportation problem (4D-TP), which is beneficial because it includes the ideas of choosing the best route and the most appropriate conveyance option. Another new feature of this model is that it includes two different selling prices based on product quality, with premium prices for superior items and lower prices for poor quality items. Moreover, due to lack of necessary information, the problem may include some parameters which are not accurately described. Therefore, many parameters in this model are assumed as single-valued neutrosophic numbers to make it more realistic. The multi-choice 4D-TP is transformed into a single-choice 4D-TP using a ranking function that considers weighted value and weighted ambiguity. A new idea of possibility measures is introduced to solve the 4D-TP model for different quality items under neutrosophic environment. The model is illustrated with numerical data and solved using the generalized reduced gradient method with the help of LINGO-17.0 solver. Sensitivity assessments are performed to evaluate the model’s robustness against varying parameters. The research’s credibility is established by comparing the outcomes with existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Additionally, the usefulness of the model is illustrated by analyzing the results of various 4-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and 2-dimensional transportation problems as special cases of the proposed model.

2025-05-02T00:00:00Z Mandal, Sayan Tripathi, Amita Banerjee, Ritwick Souna, Fethi Tiwari, Pankaj Kumar http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/10933 2026-04-09T04:45:16Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Ecological and epidemiological ramification of fear: Exploring deterministic and stochastic dynamics in a predator–prey system with predator switching and harvesting Authors: Mandal, Sayan; Tripathi, Amita; Banerjee, Ritwick; Souna, Fethi; Tiwari, Pankaj Kumar Abstract: In an ecosystem, harvesting infected prey can assist in managing and containing the spread of the illness within the prey species. On the other hand, the harvesting of predators can be beneficial as it regulates their numbers, preventing them from over-consuming prey and subsequently preserving existence of the prey population. This study introduces a predator–prey model that encompasses prey infection, predator–prey interactions influenced by fear, switching and harvesting. We derive an analytic expression for the basic reproduction number, a critical determinant of disease spread. We investigate the global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria contingent on the basic reproduction number’s value, highlighting the potential for disease eradication by maintaining it below unity. In-depth analysis of the deterministic model is undertaken, with a focus on Hopf bifurcations that delineate thresholds for disease-free and endemic states. Furthermore, the deterministic model is extended to incorporate environmental stochasticity. We obtain the conditions under which population extinction occurs. Our findings elucidate how the intensity of environmental noise influences population dynamics, providing valuable insights into extinction risks under varying noise levels.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Mandal, Sayan Tripathi, Amita Banerjee, Ritwick Souna, Fethi Tiwari, Pankaj Kumar http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/10932 2026-04-09T04:44:54Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Ecological and epidemiological ramification of fear: Exploring deterministic and stochastic dynamics in a predator–prey system with predator switching and harvesting Authors: Mandal, Sayan; Tripathi, Amita; Banerjee, Ritwick; Souna, Fethi; Tiwari, Pankaj Kumar Abstract: In an ecosystem, harvesting infected prey can assist in managing and containing the spread of the illness within the prey species. On the other hand, the harvesting of predators can be beneficial as it regulates their numbers, preventing them from over-consuming prey and subsequently preserving existence of the prey population. This study introduces a predator–prey model that encompasses prey infection, predator–prey interactions influenced by fear, switching and harvesting. We derive an analytic expression for the basic reproduction number, a critical determinant of disease spread. We investigate the global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria contingent on the basic reproduction number’s value, highlighting the potential for disease eradication by maintaining it below unity. In-depth analysis of the deterministic model is undertaken, with a focus on Hopf bifurcations that delineate thresholds for disease-free and endemic states. Furthermore, the deterministic model is extended to incorporate environmental stochasticity. We obtain the conditions under which population extinction occurs. Our findings elucidate how the intensity of environmental noise influences population dynamics, providing valuable insights into extinction risks under varying noise .

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z